How does a sailboat sail 45 degrees in the wind?

I am looking for scientific explanations of how this works.

As mentioned previously, candles set correctly create a foil. The air has to travel a grater distance outside of the sail to windward of what makes the Leward side which creates a low pressure on the windward side along the leading edge of the sail. The result is the ship is sucked forward. Besides acting as a leaf, the wind funnels more about genoa sail, increasing the effect. However, much of the attraction is not straight in line with the boat. This is where the centerboard or keel comes into play. This makes it easy for the boat to move, but is not as easy to move sideways, thus canceling much of the attraction to a side. This attraction to the side is not completely canceled, so a boat sailing upwind not go exactly along the line that is pointing, but have pulled a bit by the wind. This difference is called leeway.

Styx – Come Sail Away

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